After leaving the Papal States with Cesare Borgia waiting for us, we head into the Republic of Florence to look at the struggle with the other Italian powers over Pisa and also stop to talk a little about the man who named America, the Florentine Amerigo Vespucci.

After that it’s over to the Duchy of Milan where duchess Beatrice d’Este dies in 1497 and the threat of French invasion becomes very real when Luis XII takes the throne.

The last stop takes us to Venice and yet another clash with Ottoman Turks at the battle of Zonchio, a.k.a. the first battle of Lepanto.

Thanks once again to our partner for the episode: Exlore Worldwide